HA Mercoli Henry-Alexis Mercoli, MD, MBA
S Tzedakis Stylianos Tzedakis, MD
A D'Urso Antonio D'Urso, MD, PhD
D Mutter Didier Mutter, MD, PhD, FACS, FRSM
J Marescaux Jacques Marescaux, MD, FACS, Hon FRCS, Hon FJSES, Hon FASA, Hon APSA
Epublication WebSurg.com, Jun 2015;15(06). URL: http://websurg.com/doi/vd01fr4405
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Introduction: Prolapse stands for one of the most common complications of colostomy (>10%). Parastomal incisional hernia also represents 10 to 50% of complications. When both are present, the Sugarbaker technique represents a good indication due to mesh repair and pseudo-subperitonization, which can manage both prolapse and hernia. The laparoscopic modified Sugarbaker technique can be performed laparoscopically even in case of multiple previous laparotomies.
Clinical case: We report the case of a 71-year-old male patient presenting with parastomal incisional hernia and stomal prolapse after multiple abdominal procedures for ulcerative colitis, including rectosigmoidectomy, Hartmann procedure for anastomotic leak, left extended colectomy and stomal transposition for ischemic necrosis. An intra-abdominal proctectomy was attempted to manage the recurrence of colitis on the rectal stump. However, this attempt proved unsuccessful, and a local abdominoperineal resection was performed. Due to symptomatic hernia and prolapse, the laparoscopic Sugarbaker modified surgical technique with intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair is performed to manage prolapse by pseudo-subperitonization and to manage hernia using an IPOM repair. As shown in this video, this technique is safe, reproducible, and effective.
Tags
- Générale et digestive
- Paroi abdominale
- Hernie inguinale
- Prolapsus
- Incisional hernia
- Laparoscopic
- Sugarbaker
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Colonic stomal prolapse and parastomal incisional hernia: laparoscopic Sugarbaker repair procedure
The objective of this film is to demonstrate stoma prolapse and parastomal incisional hernia repair according to the technique described by Sugarbaker in open surgery, reproduced here with a laparoscopic approach.
Mesh placement into the abdominal cavity presents a risk that seems minimized by the development of dual-sided composite meshes, with one collagen coating that will be in contact with the digestive tract, hence limiting the risk of adhesions.
The principle of the Sugarbaker technique is to create a colonic zigzag route and to fix it on the non-absorbable side of the mesh, thereby preventing colonic prolapse. The mesh is also used as an obstacle to the passage of small bowel loops into the parastomal defect.
Here, the difficulty lies in the combined presence of an incisional hernia and prolapse on a diverting transverse colostomy. The risk of vascular injury is all the more important. Here, authors highlight pitfalls as well as tips and tricks to overcome them.
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The laparoscopic repair of incarcerated incisional hernias is still debated in the literature. The recent EAES/EHS guidelines state that laparoscopic surgery is not contraindicated and may be considered in selected patients with incarcerated hernia. This video shows the case of an 83-year-old woman with an incarcerated incisional hernia in the left iliac fossa (L2 zone – W2) successfully managed laparoscopically with an intraperitoneal onlay mesh reinforcement (IPOM-plus).
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Dr. Salvador Morales-Conde presents the clinical case of a 59-year old female patient managed for an incisional hernia with a 6-7cm sac in the left lower quadrant. The patient’s history included a left iliac fossa laparotomy to control bleeding caused by an epigastric artery injury following a laparoscopic appendectomy. The patient was placed in a Trendelenburg position. An optical port and two 5mm operating ports were inserted on the right lateral side of the abdomen. Peritoneal dissection was performed to expose anatomical landmarks including pubic bone, iliac crest, and iliac vessels for proper mesh fixation. The defect of the abdominal wall was closed using a continuous suture. A trimmed mesh (Parietex™ Composite Mesh) was inserted and fixed with tackers to Cooper’s ligament, to the iliac crest, and to the abdominal wall to sufficiently cover the sutured defect. Finally, the preperitoneal flap was fixed on the mesh to prevent intestines from getting into the mesh gap.
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The term ‘‘complex (abdominal wall) hernia’’ is often used by general surgeons and other specialists working in the abdomen to describe abdominal wall hernias which are technically challenging and time-consuming.
Four categories were created to classify and discuss the criteria, which were proposed to be included in the definition of ‘‘complex abdominal wall hernia’’: defect size and location, patient history and risk factors, contamination and soft tissue condition, and clinical scenario.
Defect size is an important variable; increased size is a risk factor for 30-day readmission rate and recurrence.
Wound contamination is usually classified according to the US National Research Council Group including clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, and dirty/infected. It is well-known that contamination and subsequent infection are an important cause of wound dehiscence and reherniation which impair wound healing dynamics.
A recurrent hernia is considered a risk factor for a new recurrence.
Patient status is an important factor. Conditions such as abnormal collagen type I/type III ratio and genetic connective tissue disorders are associated with an increased risk of herniation. Older age, male gender, chronic pulmonary disease, coughing, ascites, jaundice, anemia, emergency surgery, wound infection, obesity, steroid use, hypoalbuminemia, hypertension, perioperative shock are also important risk factors.
The reported incidence of incisional hernia is about 2 to 11% after all laparotomies.
The ideal repair for an abdominal incisional hernia is to restore the anatomical and physiological integrity of the abdominal wall by reconstructing the midline. However, 30 to 50% of defects larger than 6cm recur after primary closure.
The insertion of a synthetic mesh helps to decrease or relieve tension on the suture line and can reduce the incidence of recurrence to 10% or less.
But foreign prosthetic materials have been associated with a high risk of complications such as protrusion, extrusion, infection, and intestinal fistulization.
Laparoscopic repair has provided further improvements with lower infection rates, shorter hospital stay, and a reduction in recurrence with rates of 4 to 16% in recent studies.
In this topic addressing complex laparoscopic cases, we show different scenarios including recurrent infected incisional hernia, fistulization, multi-recurrent incisional hernia, migration, and conversion.
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In this video, authors demonstrate a laparoscopic Sugarbaker technique for parastomal hernia repair using a Gore-Tex mesh in an 18-year-old man with a history of anal cancer status post-abdominoperineal resection with an end colostomy and known chronic parastomal hernia. His history also includes hypoplastic left heart syndrome status post-orthotopic cardiac transplant, DiGeorge syndrome, Hodgkin’s disease type post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and immune deficiency. He presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting secondary to small bowel obstruction at the site of his previous parastomal hernia. CT-scan showed a mesenteric swirl with a transition point. Upon laparoscopy, the parastomal hernia was identified. The bowel was reduced and hernia edges cauterized. Primary repair of the hernia defect was performed using a percutaneous technique. A Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain was left inside the hernia area and exited through a separate part of the abdomen. Following the Sugarbaker technique, a 16 by 20cm Gore-Tex dual mesh plus was used to reinforce the defect. Percutaneous sutures in the four corners secured the mesh. Once the mesh was in the desired location, absorbable tackers were used to attach the mesh to the anterior abdominal wall. Additional percutaneous sutures were added to the medial mesh. The patient recovered well. His nasogastric tube was removed on postoperative day (POD) 4. He was advanced to a regular diet and discharged on POD 7. Surveillance CT showed an intact repair with no recurrence a year after surgery. This case demonstrates a Sugarbaker technique for the closure of parastomal hernias using a Gore-Tex graft for parastomal hernias. The laparoscopic Sugarbaker technique is a safe procedure for the repair of parastomal hernias.
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